If you have IPv6 enabled, try ping -6 and ping -4. Run ipconfig and see if you see any IPv6 addresses. For example with ping we can switch between IPv4 and IPv6 with the -4 and -6 flag respectively. IPv6 is used more and more, and there is built in support for this protocol in many tools. We can see a much simpler header with a lot more room for IP addressing. The localhost can be reduced into ::1 and. Double colon (::) can be used to represent a continuous string of 0's.This is because IPv6 addresses can be shortened via simple rules: Notice it does not have have the 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal numbers. IPv6 addresses uses 8 groups of of 4 hexadecimal numbers. This allows for enough IP addresses for the foreseeable future while IPv4 has already run out. Instead of using 32 bits of addressing for IP addresses, 128 bits is used. IP version 6 is the latest standard for IP and was made to support more IP addresses. Note: NAT allows network engineers to be more flexible with their deployments, allowing many different use-cases to unfold. The default gateway being a router which is capable of forwarding the traffic to the destination IP address. When a computer needs to communicate to something which can not be found on the LAN, it sends traffic to the default gateway as per how the system is configured. On Linux this is done with the ip addr show or ifconfig command. You can check your IP address on Windows by running the command ipconfig within a Command Line Window. There are also other fields in the header which is used by the many features of the IP protocol, but which are outside the scope of this introduction class. The Source Address is the IP address of the system who is sending the packet, and destination is to whom the packet is intended. (September 1981) RFC 791, Internet Protocol, DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification, The Internet Society, p. Image Credits: By Michel Bakni - Postel, J. Packets on the network has headers which describe many of the important details we already discussed within the IP protocol. This is different than a switch as the switch forwards data within a network, while the router forwards between networks. A router is a networking device which understands the IP format and can forward packets between networks. In IP networks the traffic is routed by a router. This address is always 127.0.0.1 and is a /8 network. ![]() for communications between applications, it is sent to the localhost address. If traffic needs to be sent back to the host, e.g. The smallest netmask possible is 255.255.255.255, represented as /32. There are many applications and protocols which rely on broadcasting traffic in order for them to work.įor each network segment the broadcast is always last IP address in the network. Broadcasting data means sending data to everyone on the network instead of sending to just a single host. IP segments can be further broken up into smaller and more granular networks.Įach network has a reserved address for broadcasting traffic to every host in the network, this is called the broadcast address.
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